Free NCERT downloads and government reports

Everything you can study from without paying: all 44 NCERT textbooks for classes 6 to 12, in Hindi and English, plus the government's own reports and surveys — every file direct from the publisher.

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NCERT textbooks

The base texts almost every serious preparation starts from — free from NCERT itself, in English and Hindi.

Free and official. Each link opens NCERT's own “Download complete book” file — a ZIP you unzip once to get the whole book. We link NCERT's file rather than keeping a copy: NCERT publishes no single-PDF version, and their terms prohibit any website from hosting or redistributing their textbooks.

Social Science (Classes 6-9)

The newer composite social-science books written under NEP 2020 and NCF-SE 2023, teaching history, geography, civics and economics in one volume rather than separately. Classes 6-8 are built around five recurring themes; Class 9 returns to discipline-wise sections.

Class 6Exploring Society: India and Beyond
English201 MB हिन्दी56 MB
One composite volume: locating places, oceans and landforms; timelines and early Indian civilisation; cultural roots and diversity; family, panchayats and urban local bodies; and economic activity.
Class 7Exploring Society: India and Beyond Part-I
English79 MB हिन्दी91 MB
India's geographical diversity, weather and climate; cities, states and empires up to the Gupta era; sacred geography; forms of government and the Constitution; barter, money and markets.
Class 7Exploring Society: India and Beyond Part-II
English47 MB हिन्दी46 MB
Indian farming and India's neighbours; empires and kingdoms from the 6th to 12th centuries; India's pluralism; the state and government; infrastructure; and banks and finance.
Class 8Exploring Society: India and Beyond Part-I
English46 MB हिन्दी54 MB
Natural resources; the reshaping of India's political map, the Marathas and the colonial era; universal franchise and elections; the parliamentary legislature and executive; and factors of production.
Class 8Exploring Society: India and Beyond Part-II
English48 MB
World geography; India's long road to independence; Indian architecture; the judiciary; citizenship rights and duties; population dynamics; urbanisation; and cultural currents of the 13th to 17th centuries.
Class 9Understanding Society: India and Beyond Part-I
English68 MB
Organised discipline-wise: earth's surface and climate in geography; early humans to 1000 CE in history; democracy and elections in political science; scarcity and price in economics.

History

Class 10 covers modern India and the world; Class 11 is world history by theme; and the three Class 12 volumes work through ancient, medieval and modern India using the sources historians actually read.

Class 8Our Pasts-III
English49 MB हिन्दी85 MB
The earlier Class 8 history book, since replaced: the modern period from colonial rule and 1857 through nationalism, to the making of the Constitution.
Class 10India and the Contemporary World-II
English28 MB हिन्दी26 MB
Nationalism in Europe and in India, the making of a global world, industrialisation and print culture — core ground for modern history.
Class 11Themes in World History
English28 MB हिन्दी23 MB
World history by theme: early societies, the Roman and Mongol empires, medieval western Europe, the Renaissance, and Qing China and Japan.
Class 12Themes in Indian History-I
English22 MB हिन्दी25 MB
Harappan cities, early states and inscriptions, the Mahabharata and kinship, and Buddhism and the sculptural record — ancient India through its sources.
Class 12Themes in Indian History-II
English23 MB हिन्दी22 MB
Medieval India through travellers' accounts, the bhakti and sufi traditions, Vijayanagara, and Mughal agrarian society of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Class 12Themes in Indian History-III
English15 MB हिन्दी16 MB
Colonial land revenue and rebellion, 1857, the Mahatma Gandhi years of the national movement, and the framing of the Constitution.

Polity & Governance

Six books build up in sequence: Classes 8 and 10 give plain-language grounding in the Constitution, federalism and parties; Class 11 adds political concepts and how each organ of government works; Class 12 covers post-independence Indian politics and world affairs.

Class 8Social and Political Life
English22 MB हिन्दी21 MB
The earlier Class 8 civics book, since replaced: the Constitution, secularism, Parliament and the judiciary, then marginalisation, public facilities and law.
Class 10Democratic Politics
English13 MB हिन्दी11 MB
Covers power-sharing, federalism, and how gender, religion and caste shape politics, plus political parties and how democratic outcomes are judged.
Class 11Political Theory
English17 MB हिन्दी17 MB
Works through freedom, equality, social justice, rights, citizenship, nationalism and secularism as concepts — the vocabulary behind essay answers and polity's normative questions.
Class 11Indian Constitution at Work
English28 MB हिन्दी28 MB
Explains how the executive, legislature and judiciary actually work, with rights, elections, federalism, local government and the Constitution's amending process and philosophy.
Class 12Contemporary World Politics
English40 MB हिन्दी14 MB
Traces the end of bipolarity, new power centres, South Asia, the UN and other bodies, security, environmental politics and globalisation — core international relations ground.
Class 12Politics in India Since Independence
English39 MB हिन्दी30 MB
Covers nation-building, one-party dominance, planned development, external relations, the Emergency, regional aspirations and coalition-era politics — the standard narrative for post-independence India.

Geography

Classes 8 and 10 establish resources and India's economic geography; Class 11 covers physical processes and India's physical environment; Class 12 adds human geography and India's people and economy. Two Practical Work volumes teach map and data technique separately.

Class 8Resource and Development
English11 MB हिन्दी11 MB
The earlier Class 8 geography book, since replaced: resource types, land, soil, water, vegetation and wildlife, agriculture, industries and human resources.
Class 10Contemporary India
English15 MB हिन्दी13 MB
Resources, forests and wildlife, water, agriculture, minerals and energy, manufacturing and the lifelines of the national economy — India's economic geography at foundation level.
Class 11India Physical Environment
English10 MB हिन्दी8 MB
India's location, structure and physiography, drainage systems, climate, natural vegetation and natural hazards — the physical base Indian-geography questions assume.
Class 11Fundamentals of Physical Geography
English13 MB हिन्दी16 MB
Earth's origin and interior, continental drift, geomorphic processes and landforms, atmosphere and world climate, ocean movements and biodiversity — the physical processes Prelims assumes.
Class 11Practical Work in Geography
English13 MB हिन्दी17 MB
Map-reading technique rather than topical content: scale, latitude, longitude and time, map projections, topographical sheets and an introduction to remote sensing.
Class 12Fundamentals of Human Geography
English23 MB हिन्दी15 MB
Human geography's nature and scope, world population and human development, primary to quaternary activities, transport, communication and international trade.
Class 12India People and Economy
English15 MB हिन्दी15 MB
India's population and settlements, land, water, mineral and energy resources, agriculture, planning and sustainable development, transport, trade and selected geographical problems.
Class 12Practical Work in Geography Part-II
English8 MB
Technique rather than topical content: sources of geographical data, data processing, graphical representation, and spatial information technology including GIS.

Economy

Five NCERTs that build the economy core: Class 10 introduces sectors, money and globalisation; Class 11 covers India's development record and the statistics behind it; Class 12 splits into macro and microeconomics.

Class 10Understanding Economic Development
English16 MB हिन्दी14 MB
Measuring development, the primary–secondary–tertiary sectors, money and credit, globalisation's impact on India, and consumer rights.
Class 11Indian Economic Development
English26 MB हिन्दी14 MB
The colonial-era economy, planned development from 1950, the 1991 liberalisation appraisal, then human capital, rural development, employment, sustainability, and India compared with China and Pakistan.
Class 11Statistics for Economics
English14 MB हिन्दी12 MB
Collecting, organising and presenting data, then central tendency, correlation and index numbers — the statistical grounding behind inflation figures and data-interpretation questions.
Class 12Introductory Macroeconomics
English10 MB हिन्दी10 MB
National income accounting, money and banking, income determination, government budget and deficits, and balance of payments — the vocabulary the Union Budget is written in.
Class 12Introductory Microeconomics
English12 MB हिन्दी11 MB
Consumer behaviour with utility and indifference curves, production and costs, the firm under perfect competition, and market equilibrium including price ceilings and floors.

Society

Three sociology books move from concepts to India: Class 11 sets up structure, institutions, culture and research methods; Class 12 applies these to India's demography, inequality and diversity, then to structural change, rural and industrial development, globalisation and social movements.

Class 11Introducing Sociology
English15 MB हिन्दी17 MB
Builds the basic sociological vocabulary — social structure, status and role, institutions, culture and socialisation — plus the research methods sociologists use.
Class 12Indian Society
English19 MB हिन्दी20 MB
Covers India's demographic structure, caste, tribe and family, markets as social institutions, patterns of inequality and exclusion, and the challenges of cultural diversity.
Class 12Social Change and Development in India
English21 MB हिन्दी21 MB
Traces structural and cultural change, the Constitution as a reform instrument, rural and industrial change, globalisation, mass media, and social movements in India.

Art & Culture

Two volumes covering Indian art and architecture from prehistoric rock painting and Indus artefacts through temple building and sculpture, to miniature painting and the sultanate and Mughal monuments.

Class 11An Introduction to Indian Art Part-I
English191 MB हिन्दी54 MB
Prehistoric rock painting, Indus art, Buddhist, Jain and Hindu sculpture, temple architecture and the Indian bronze tradition.
Class 12An Introduction to Indian Art Part-II
English42 MB हिन्दी46 MB
Indian painting from the Ajanta murals through the miniature schools, and the architecture of the sultanate and Mughal periods.

Science & Technology

These NCERTs build General Science from the ground up: classes 6-8 (Curiosity) and 9 (Exploration) cover everyday physics, chemistry and biology, while classes 10-12 add life processes, genetics, biotechnology and ecology.

Class 6Curiosity
English70 MB हिन्दी73 MB
Entry-level science covering living-world diversity, magnets, measurement, states of water, separation methods, natural resources and the solar system.
Class 7Curiosity
English42 MB हिन्दी44 MB
Acids and bases, metals and non-metals, electric circuits, heat transfer, life processes in plants and animals, light and Earth–Moon–Sun motions.
Class 8Curiosity
English46 MB हिन्दी38 MB
Microorganisms and health, forces and pressure, cyclones, elements, mixtures and solutions, light, plus ecology and Earth as a life-sustaining planet.
Class 8Science
English19 MB
The earlier Class 8 Science edition, now replaced by Curiosity: crop production, microorganisms, coal and petroleum, combustion, conservation, friction, sound and light.
Class 9Exploration
English119 MB
New NCF edition: cells and tissues, motion and forces, work and energy, atomic structure, mixtures, sound, reproduction, classification, and Earth as a system.
Class 10Science
English68 MB हिन्दी44 MB
Chemical reactions, acids and bases, metals, carbon compounds, life processes, heredity, light, electricity, magnetism and the environment.
Class 11Biology
English54 MB
Biological classification, plant and animal morphology, cell structure, biomolecules, photosynthesis and human physiology from respiration to hormonal control.
Class 12Biology
English153 MB
Reproduction, inheritance and evolution, human health and disease, microbes, biotechnology, ecosystems and biodiversity conservation.

Government sources

Published free by the government itself — the primary documents, not somebody's summary of them.

Polity & Governance

Digital Sansad — debates, bills and questionsParliament of India
Open

Economy

Economic SurveyMinistry of Finance
Open
Union BudgetMinistry of Finance
Open
RBI Annual ReportReserve Bank of India
Open
NITI Aayog reports and indicesNITI Aayog
Open

Environment & Ecology

India State of Forest ReportForest Survey of India
Open